Models Of Forensic Psychology Case Study Social Work Essay Essay Example

Models Of Forensic Psychology Case Study Social Work Essay Essay Example Models Of Forensic Psychology Case Study Social Work Essay Essay Models Of Forensic Psychology Case Study Social Work Essay Essay Andrew is 15. He has been accused of sexually assailing his younger sister and may be charged with this in the close hereafter. Some of his household have a history of mental upset and he has a history of acquisition and behavioral troubles, as a consequence of which he has been go toing a residential particular school. He does non admit the accusals against him and is loath to discourse them. Information FROM INTERVIEW Andrew presents as a tall, slim-built young person who is restlessly dying, looking off for most of the interview, and repeatedly yawning in an overdone mode to bespeak how small he wants to be involved in the treatment. Despite this he is basically polite in mode and replies all inquiries, at least in some step. His evident degree of intelligence puts him in the mild scope of damage, and he is besides really sensitive to anything that he thinks puts him at a disadvantage or makes him look thick . He has some societal accomplishments, although these are non ever used and sometimes he appears socially disinhibited. He has a sensible vocabulary and powers of address. There are no behavioral stereotypies ( insistent seemingly purposeless motions ) and no perseverative behavior ( continuation of behaviors after their original intent has been served ) . However, his powers of concentration are limited and he is easy distracted from treatment. His attending is focused on his perceived likeliness that he will automatically travel to prison, irrespective of whether he is charged or non. He hopes that a combination of his medical history and denial of the allegations will be plenty to acquire him through any legal procedures. Andrew says he has nt been charged with anything because I ai nt done nowt . Nevertheless he is able to state that sexual assault agencies seeking to do person make something have sex, how to do babes and that penetration means seting a finger up person up ( the ) button of adult females . He has already been officially asked on one juncture about for what s traveling on now fundamentally but can depict no inside informations and says that he ai nt bothered because I have nt done it . CURRENT CIRCUMSTANCES Andrew has his ain room at his particular school and has made one or two friends. The activity that he enjoys most, and gets most from, is analyzing motor vehicles and he has developed an aspiration to go a mechanic. He comes place for some weekends and for vacation periods. At present he feels he has nt got a life any longer . This is both because of the possible pending charges and because he feels people are dropping dead around me . A close friend ( female ) of his died late, and his life has non felt the same since his male parent died out of the blue the twenty-four hours before his birthday four ago, and his paternal grandma died about a twelvemonth afterwards. He would wish to go a motor machinist, but thinks this will non be possible, unless he can acquire preparation in prison, because of his possible tribunal instance. PERSONAL AND FAMILY HISTORY He is the youngest member of his household, although his ain list of his siblings and half-siblings is somewhat different to that provided by his household. His male parent died from a bosom onslaught and his female parent has a batch of jobs with her wellness. He was excluded from his first school for throwing a brick at a instructor or something like that they were making my caput in all the clip . MEDICAL HISTORY He has been diagnosed as holding ADHD ( Attention shortage hyperactivity upset ) , and says that this is why he is at get oning school. He says that he used to acquire all mad and hatred people and take it out on them but that this has improved more late. Two old ages ago he tried to hang himself with two belts because he merely felt like it I could nt be bothered populating anymore I did it for merriment I thought it was amusing . He besides tried to cut his carpus, and still has a swoon cicatrix from this. He continues to hold periodic ideas about a speedy premature decease as a manner of non holding to set up with life anymore . Although these ideas reflect a down position of life there is no indicant that he presently has a depressive unwellness. He has antecedently taken the antihyperactivity drug Ritalin, but has now discontinued this and describes it as making my caput in . SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT HISTORY He foremost became sexually cognizant at a really immature age, as a consequence of being given information either by one of his sisters or a friend. His male parent told him non to hold sex until he was older so as to avoid holding kids. His strongest sexual experience so far has been with a girlfriend who he described as the nicest individual you could run into even though my sister called her a smackhead . He denies the allegations about his sister and depict them as all prevarications . Questions What identifiable hazards, giving your grounds, does Andrew show a ) in the short term and B ) in the longer term? Rank them one time in their order of certainty, and once more in their order of importance. Construct an interview scheme to assist look intoing police officers farther inquiry Andrew about the allegations sing his sister, explicating your principle. Case Study 2 Mr D Case Study Read the undermentioned instance analyze carefully. Using your cognition of hazard appraisal, mental upsets and piquing behavior and interview and intervention schemes answer the undermentioned inquiries: Describe the type ( s ) of mental upset Mr D may be enduring from See whether those upsets are likely to lend to the hazard he poses of future force Identify those hazards that Mr D poses to himself and others See whether you would dispatch Mr D from infirmary at this clip and give your grounds why ( Point 5 is optional ) Highlight what challenges Mr D may present in intervention and how you might get the better of them. Background Early on Childhood Mr D was born to a 16 twelvemonth old female parent and conceived following a one dark base. Mr D recalled an unsettled childhood due to his female parent handing over his attention to her parents. Mr D described how he liked populating with his grandparents, nevertheless he besides described how his gramps often used intoxicant and his grandma was rigorous and did non let him to socialize with other kids. Behavioral jobs were noted from the age of 4. Throughout this clip period Mr D began holding terrible fits which involved striking and kicking and Mr D was referred to the Children s Hospital at the age of 8. This followed a terrible onslaught levied against his gramps affecting a knife. Throughout the interview procedure Mr D remained closed about his relationship with his gramps. Later studies indicate he was sexually abused by his gramps but Mr D refuses to discourse this topic. Mr D was taken into attention at the age of 8, where once more he reported an unsettled period of clip characterised by isolation and intimidation. Mr D was able to populate with a surrogate household whom he described as supportive for the following two old ages and it is of note that there were no behavioral troubles noted for Mr D within this clip period. Mr D appeared to settled with this household and their two boies, which allowed him to organize secure fond regards with this household. Unfortunately the household needed to emigrate to South Africa, and although he was asked to travel with them, Mr D chose to stay close to his grandparents. Mr D spent the following five old ages in Children s places, interspersed by Foster arrangements which broke down. Mr D returned to populate with his grandparents following this period. Previous studies indicate conflicting points of position about this clip period, some indicating that Mr D had more positive relationships with his grandparents and female parent at this clip, but with others foregrounding that his grandparents did non truly talk to him. Education and employment Mr D attended about five different schools as he was moved due to his populating state of affairs altering. Mr D recalled an unsettled period of clip at school as he was bullied. He besides described himself as hyper, I would shout and shout a batch and recalled happening lessons tiring. Records indicate that Mr D began declining school at the age of 4 and has a important history of hooky throughout his instruction. Mr D left school with no makings but school studies describe him as exceptionally bright. Mr D has neer been in formal employment. After go forthing school he was unemployed for 2 old ages as he reported he could non happen a occupation that interested him and he was holding troubles with his mental wellness. Following this, Mr D has been detained due to the strong belief for his index offense. Substance and intoxicant abuse Mr D reports a significant history of hemp usage and a history of orgy imbibing. Psychiatric History Mr D foremost came into contact with mental wellness services at the age of 8 when he was admitted to the Children s Hospital for 6 hebdomads following a violent onslaught on his gramps. An ECG and neurological scrutiny at the clip were found to be normal, nevertheless Mr D s female parent recalled a black spot being found. Following this Mr D was referred to an Adolescent Unit of measurement at the age of 14 due to behaviour jobs such as declining to go to school and standing naked in the window. Later that twelvemonth, Mr D was admitted to the infirmary and was described by the physician as an isolated and withdrawn person, holding no ego assurance who responded with aggressive effusions when frustrated . Mr D self-harmed by cutting his weaponries with a piece of glass. After being convicted of two incidents of indecent exposure at the age of 17, Mr D received outpatient intervention ab initio, but following another charge for indecorous exposure Mr D was admitted as an inmate. At this point he was speaking about wounding people before they had the opportunity to wound him. On the 9th April 1987 Mr D was once more charged with indecorous exposure and was remanded under subdivision 35 of the Mental Health Act ( 1983 ) . During his appraisal at that place, it was noted that he was hearing voices stating him to perpetrate Acts of the Apostless of force. No specific diagnosing was made at this clip, although a status of abode and psychiatric intervention was made. Following his eighteenth birthday he was moved to Arnold Lodge Hospital. Whilst there it is reported that Mr D s mental wellness appeared to deteriorate and violence towards others increased. At the age of 20 Mr D was transferred to a Hostel in Liverpool as it was thought that he would profit from integrating with other people, nevertheless three months after this he was discharged after assailing another occupant. Mr D managed to populate in the community on his ain for about two and a half old ages before he committed his index offense. At this point he was remanded to HMP Hull for about 2 months. Mr D attempted to hang himself during his first dark in detention. He was so transferred to Wathwood infirmary due to him exhibiting paranoid ideation and sing audile hallucinations commanding him to harm a female prison officer. Whilst at Wathwood Hospital, ab initio Mr D s presentation seemed to better to the point that he was granted conditional discharge by a Mental Health Review Tribunal, nevertheless at this point Mr D s arrested development with a female member of staff began to do concern. Mr D began exposing himself to female members of staff and his mental wellness deteriorated. Mr D s presentation continued to worsen over the following two old ages in footings of incidents of force, aggression and sexually inappropriate. His mental wellness besides fluctuated with episodes of paranoid ideation, psychotic beliefs, ideas of harming himself and incidents of aggression. Forensic History Mr D has three old strong beliefs for offenses of indecorous exposure. There are seven old strong beliefs for driving offenses ( e.g. driving whilst under the influence, foolhardy drive, driving without a licence, insurance and MOT ) and 4 strong beliefs of acquisitive offending ( 2 offenses of shoplifting and2 burglary offenses ) . Mr D has no other strong beliefs for violent offenses apart from the index offense, nevertheless there has been other force evident in Mr Driver s yesteryear when he has been a patient in infirmary. Index Offense Mr D was convicted of the slaying of his neighbor. The offense occurred in the context of ongoing troubles Mr D was sing with his neighbors in footings of loud music they were playing in the early hours of the forenoon. Mr D had raised this job with his neighbors and it is reported that they responded to this in a less than positive manner. Mr D so tried to affect the council to relieve the job, nevertheless this appeared to hold had no consequence. On the twenty-four hours of the index offense, the victim was taking his trash out and Mr D approached him from buttocks and struck him one time in the dorsum with a 5 inch bladed knife. Mr D instantly ran off from the scene and made his manner to the Family and Community Services Department with whom he was in regular contact and the constabulary were contacted and Mr D was later arrested. The victim had removed the arm himself and in the interim had made his manner to nearby premises to seek aid. He subsequently died of his hurts in inf irmary. Mr D s history of the offense is that he had been populating following to neighbors who were noisy . He said he had lived following to them for about six months and I kept knocking, inquiring them to turn it down, they merely said it was their house . When asked how many times this had occurred Mr D said, probably approached them about 5 or 6 times . Mr D stated that he did nt phone the constabulary at all, but that he did phone the lodging association. He said that nil happened as a consequence of this and the music continued. On the last juncture that Mr D asked for the music to be turned down before he committed the index offense Mr Driver stated he started endangering me and said I m non turning the music down and was reasoning. I ca nt retrieve what was being said, but I merely kept inquiring him to turn it down. He was shouting and I think I hit him foremost, we had a hassle and the constabulary were called. The Police told me to acquire in touch with the lodging association . Following this incident Mr D said that a few hebdomads passed and the music continued. Mr D stated that he had been traveling out shopping he had been transporting the same knife that he finally stabbed the victim with. On the twenty-four hours of the index offense, Mr D reported being woken at 9am by music being played. He stated, I felt truly stressed and angry. I got up, got dressed, I was standing in my kitchen and could hear it ( the music ) and I saw him traveling to the bin. I d come to the terminal of how I was experiencing and looking for a manner out . Mr D stated, I got a knife and stabbed him in the lower dorsum. When asked what might hold happened to decide the state of affairs had the index offense non occurred Mr D said, If I had nt seen him, I likely would hold gone on transporting the knife and gone unit of ammunition to his house . In footings of why Mr D felt he committed the offense, he stated, I could nt stand them playing loud music . Mr D went onto say Yes I regret it, its led to me being kept in infirmary. There is nil else I could hold done. He deserved it because he would nt turn down his music . Appraisals Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale -3rd edition ( WAIS III ) This appraisal examines general cognitive abilities, specifically believing and concluding accomplishments. It explores non-verbal logical thinking accomplishments, spacial processing accomplishments, visual-motor integrating, attending to detail and acquired cognition such as verbal logical thinking and comprehension. Mr D presented with a full graduated table IQ of 130. International Personality Disorder Examination Mr D was assessed for personality upset utilizing the International Personality Disorder Examination ( IPDE: Loranger ; 1999 ) . The IPDE is a semi-structured clinical interview developed to measure personality upsets defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition ( DSM-IV ; American Psychiatric Association, 1994 ) and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th alteration ( ICD-10 ; World Health Organisation, 1992 ) . Mr D s current presentation indicates that definite diagnosings of Antisocial and Narcissistic personality upsets are warranted. The Antisocial characteristics most relevant in Mr D include a deficiency of concern for the feelings of others, foolhardy behavior, consistent irresponsibleness, neglect for regulations and penalty, low tolerance to defeat taking to Acts of the Apostless of aggression and force, and a proneness to rationalize and fault others for his ain behavior. The Narcissistic characteristics which Mr D presents with include a grandiose sense of ego, a belief that he should be treated otherwise, an overinflated sense of self-entitlement, haughtiness in his behavior and attitudes, a relentless form of taking advantage of others to accomplish his ain terminals and an unwillingness to recognize or place with the feelings of others. Psychopathy Checklist Revised ( PCL-R The Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised ( PCL-R, Hare 1991, 2003 ) is a strict psychological appraisal, widely regarded as the standard step of mental illness in research, clinical and forensic scenes. It measures different facets of a individual s emotional experience, the manner they relate to others, how they go about acquiring what they want and their behavior. High degrees of psychopathologic traits as measured by the PCL-R are associated with high rates of re-offending and future force ( nevertheless a low PCL-R mark entirely does non connote low hazard ) and can impact on responsivity to curative intercession. Mr D presented with moderate degrees of psychopathologic traits which fell merely below the diagnostic cut off for psychopathologic upset. Items that he scored on include failure to accept duty for his actions, irresponsibleness, deficiency of compunction, indurate neglect for others, grandiose sense of ego worth, use and early childhood jobs. Presentation in interview Mr D presented as a hard and ambitious patient to interview. He was dismissive at times, oppugning my experience, makings and competency. He stated that psychological science was non a proper scientific discipline and would prefer to speak to the proper physician i.e. the head-shrinker. Mr D appeared to hold some cognition of psychopathology and psychological science and used proficient footings throughout. He appeared to hold small penetration into his mental upset saying that he does necessitate to take medicine and that everyone is like him. Mr D stated he does non under stand why anyone would believe he poses a hazard to people and that he should be discharged from infirmary instantly. Case Study 3 Ms W Case Study Read the undermentioned instance analyze carefully. Using your cognition of hazard appraisal, mental upsets and piquing behavior and interview and intervention schemes answer the undermentioned inquiries: Describe the type ( s ) of mental upset Ms W may be enduring from See whether those upsets are likely to lend to the hazard she poses of future force See what techniques/strategies/considerations you would utilize when questioning Ms W Highlight what farther countries of work you may wish to set about with Ms W ( concentrating on what countries of her presentation you would wish to explore/assess farther and why ) Background Early on childhood Ms W was the eldest kid of three, the other two kids being male childs. Ms W recalled an unhappy childhood due to the sexual maltreatment she experienced from her male parent ( for which he received a strong belief ) and so the emotional withdrawal that was evident between her female parent and herself. Social services records support Ms W s history of her early childhood. In add-on to being sexually abused by her male parent, Ms W besides reported being sexually abused by an uncle and a following door neighbor. Ms W besides reported that the relationship between her female parent and male parent was a disruptive one and although she did non witness any physical force, she did hear statements which resulted in her repeatedly slaming his caput against the wall through the emphasis this caused. Ms W s behavior became unmanageable both within school and the community, in footings of contending at school and perpetrating junior-grade offense such as shrinkage. Whilst still populating with her parents, at the age of 14, Ms W became involved in a relationship with a adult male who was much older than her, in his 60 s. This farther contributed to the impairment between Ms W and her parents, and her parents later placed her in attention. Ms W remained in attention until the age of 17, and upon go forthing she was given support from societal services and moved into independent lodging in which she was happy on her ain. Education and employment Ms W reported that her school public presentation was mean ; instructors would non hold found her a direction job, but that she did acquire distracted easy. Whilst at school she was capable to strong-arming from equals and this resulted in her engaging in battles outside of school. Ms W left school with no formal makings. Ms W obtained employment every bit shortly as she left school and worked as a packer , a cleansing agent and in a pet store. All of the employment she engaged in was in a short period after school, with her last occupation being held at the age of 20. Ms W reported that the last occupation she had needed to go forth because her mental wellness was doing her troubles and she needed to go to assorted assignments. Following this period of employment, Ms W was unemployed for the following 16 old ages due to mental wellness, drug and intoxicant troubles. Ms W claimed incapacity benefits and before coming into detention she reported holding an income of about ?800 per month. Substance and intoxicant abuse Ms W reported that she began imbibing at the age of 14 or 15 as she would see saloon with her spouse at the clip. She suggested that she became a heavy drinker at age 20 and that she needed intoxicant every twenty-four hours as otherwise she would endure with backdown symptoms. Ms W would devour about 12 tins of Stella a twenty-four hours or 2 bottles of 2 litre Cider. Ms W s imbibing caused her wellness jobs in the signifier of liver failure and pancreatitis. Ms W was under the influence of intoxicant when perpetrating the index offense and this followed a period where she had tried to travel through a detoxification procedure without medical support. It is of note that Ms W reported hearing voices whilst she completed this home detoxification procedure. In footings of drug usage, Ms W remembered get downing to utilize substances at around the age of 18. She reports utilizing acerb checks, microdots, thaumaturgy mushrooms, velocity, diacetylmorphine ( smoking ) and hemp. She besides reported that she would take prescription medicine if the chance arose. Ms W recalls that she would utilize whenever she had the money to make so and that she would often take drugs and drink at the same clip. She estimated that she would pass about ?14 per twenty-four hours, but that this would depend on what financess she had available at the clip. In the early 1990s Ms W was diagnosed with drug induced psychosis. Psychiatric history Ms W foremost recalled being in contact with psychiatric services in her 20s. She was foremost seen by a head-shrinker due to the hallucinations she was sing and she voluntarily stayed in infirmary for a few months. Ms W had spent clip in group mental wellness places and has had support from head-shrinkers, CPNs and societal workers. Ms W had attempted to perpetrate self-destruction on a figure of occasions through taking overdoses. She was diagnosed with depression in her late 20s and has been on a figure of anti sedative drugs which she combined with drink and non prescription drugs. Whilst in detention Ms W was taking antidepressants, minor tranquilizers and anti psychotics. The latter were prescribed due to Ms W sing hallucinations and besides temper instability. Ms W had most late been diagnosed with Generalised Anxiety Disorder with characteristics of depersonalization and derealisation . Forensic history Ms W had three old strong beliefs. Two were received in 1989 which were both fraud offenses, and so the tierce in 1990 for burglary and larceny of a non home. Ms W can non remember specific inside informations sing the state of affairss. Ms W had no other strong beliefs for violent offending, apart from the index offense, but at that place has been other force nowadays in Ms W s yesteryear particularly within interpersonal relationships. Index offense The offense occurred in the shared place of Ms W and her spouse. Two hebdomads before the index offense occurred, constabulary had been called to the place after Ms W had taken an overdose of her spouse s medicine. When Ms W s spouse had attempted to cite aid, Ms W threatened her with a knife to seek and forestall this. On the 10th June 2006 when the offense occurred, it was alleged that Ms W had been imbibing cyder from the early hours of the forenoon. Ms W insists that she was so intoxicated that she has no callback of the stabbing which so occurred and all that she remembered was seeing the blood on her spouse s tummy. After knifing her spouse in the tummy she so threatened to cut her pharynx with the knife. The stab lesions caused a close fatal hurt. The victim was able to biddings assist by triping the exigency pull cord for the adjustment s warden. Appraisals Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale -3rd edition ( WAIS III ) This appraisal examines general cognitive abilities, specifically believing and concluding accomplishments. It explores non-verbal logical thinking accomplishments, spacial processing accomplishments, visual-motor integrating, attending to detail and acquired cognition such as verbal logical thinking and comprehension. Ms W presented with a full graduated table IQ of 75. The appraisal showed that Ms W processes information more efficaciously when presented visually instead than verbally and that she struggles to concentrate for long periods of clip. International Personality Disorder Examination Screening Questionnaire ( IPDE-SQ ) This appraisal is a showing questionnaire which indicates whether there are certain personality traits which need farther probe utilizing the full International Personality Disorder Examination appraisal. The IPDE-SQ indicated the possible presence of paranoiac, schizotypal, emotionally unstable, avoidant and dependent personality upsets but this should non be considered as a formal diagnosing. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III ( MCMI-III ) This appraisal is used to measure elements of personality and besides pathological syndromes within psychiatric populations. On this juncture the MCMI- III was used to supply a more comprehensive image of Ms W s personality and presentation in combination with the result of the IPDE-SQ. This step was non used to name personality upset but to lend to the apprehension of Ms W s presentation. The Millon highlighted that Ms W presented with anxiousness, drug dependance and station traumatic emphasis upset and may possible nowadays with thought upset and major depression. Presentation in interview Ms W presented as a shy, pleasant person with really low assurance and who suffered with anxiousness. It was apparent that she was missing in assurance in footings of speech production to people and being certain of her ain sentiments. She had besides seemed to fight in footings of her degree of concentration. Over the class of the Sessionss Ms W s temper could be rather volatile, altering from happy to depressed in the period of a twosome of hours. Ms W systematically spoke of ideas of ego injury throughout the Sessionss and when feeling depressed would project these feelings onto others as holding caused them. Ms W besides presented at times as rather paranoid in footings of thought that people were speaking about her. Ms W besides disclosed that she was sing ocular hallucinations peculiarly when she felt stressed.

The Commonly Confused Words Prescribe and Proscribe

The Commonly Confused Words Prescribe and Proscribe The words prescribe and proscribe  are similar in pronunciation and can be easily confused, but are almost opposite in meaning. Definitions The verb prescribe means to recommend, establish, or lay down as a rule. Similarly, prescribe means to authorize a medical prescription. The verb proscribe means to ban, forbid, or condemn. Examples When doctors prescribe medicine for a child, they take the childs size and weight into account and adjust the dose accordingly.He read her temperature as 98.8. Very, very slight, he told her. I prescribe sleep.(John Updike, Married Life)Each year as many as two million Americans suffer from antibiotic-resistant illnesses, and 23,000 die as a result. Clearly, we need to get doctors to  prescribe  antibiotics more selectively. But how can this be done?(Craig R. Fox et al., How to Stop Overprescribing Antibiotics. The New York Times, March 25, 2016)Many localities have passed ordinances that proscribe the use of leaf blowers.The First Amendment generally prevents government from  proscribing  speech, or even expressive conduct, because of disapproval of the ideas expressed.(Earl E. Pollock,  The Supreme Court and American Democracy, 2009) Usage Notes Prescribe is a much commoner word and means either issue a medical prescription or recommend with authority, as in the doctor prescribed antibiotics. Proscribe, on the other hand, is a formal word meaning condemn or forbid, as in gambling was strictly proscribed by the authorities.(Maurice Waite, ed., Oxford Thesaurus of English, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009)These are almost direct opposites, and ought not to be confused. To prescribe is to define a remedy, to ordain, to decree. To proscribe is to prohibit, to forbid, to ban. When the Food and Drug Administration proscribed Laetrile, it meant that no doctor could lawfully prescribe it.(James J. Kilpatrick, The Writers Art. Andrews McMeel, 1984) Practice (a) It is illegal to pay doctors to _____ certain medicines to their patients.(b) Chinas laws severely _____ public demonstrations. Answers to Practice Exercises: Prescribe and Proscribe (a) It is illegal to pay doctors to prescribe certain medicines to their patients.(b) Chinas laws severely proscribe public demonstrations. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Question answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Question answer - Assignment Example These medical conditions and behaviors weaken the heart muscle, hence causing heart failure. One can be at the risk of having chronic congestive heart failure by smoking, being overweight or obese, being physically inactive, and having high blood cholesterol levels (Jeffrey & Ryan, 2007). All of these risk factors can be prevented or reduced to some certain degree. However, age is a risk factor for chronic congestive heart failure that cannot be prevented. When one approaches 75 years, the heart muscles become stiffer and less efficient: a natural consequence of aging (Jeffrey & Ryan, 2007). Causes of chronic heart failure such as high blood pressure and heart attacks become prominent from midlife onwards. Therefore, people age, they become more at risk of having chronic congestive heart failure (Jeffrey & Ryan, 2007). Fluid that goes back into the lungs causes the victim to cough. This backing up of fluid is encouraged when lying down. When sitting up straight, less fluid backs up into the lung, improving the condition (Trelogan, 2011). Liver and kidney failure can also be associated with this symptom. Accumulation of fluid in the feet happens when there has been prolonged standing. This happens because of fluid retention (Trelogan, 2011). Systolic heart failure: depressed and dilated left and/or right ventricle with low ejection fraction; diastolic heart failure: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) normal but left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and abnormal diastolic filling patterns (Jeffrey & Ryan, 2007). Laboratory testing may reveal important heart failure aetiologies, the presence of disorders or conditions that can lead to or exacerbate heart failure; laboratory testing could also reveal important modulators of therapy (Jeffrey & Ryan, 2007). Laboratory testing may reveal important heart failure aetiologies, the presence of disorders or conditions

The Meaning of Love According to Plato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Meaning of Love According to Plato - Essay Example The symposium is a venerable treatise record of speeches employed in both story and verse by six prominent Athenians to convey a clump of myths and motifs regarding nature, meaning together with the purpose of live. A symposium was a social event in Ancient Greek where people partied after an evening meal. In this occasion, people would drink wine saturated with water, sing songs, make conversation, and tell stories and riddles as well as fables. Those who participated perfumed wore garlands, danced, and entertained by hired mimes, acrobats, and flute-players. It was during his occasion, Plato remarked on conversations regarding the meaning of love with a discourse of speeches. He begins lessons of this formidable yet a life-determining discussion by referring to love as a great god, marvelous as to how he came into being, and very wonderful according to how he treats fellow gods and people. Love is a god and no one knows when it commenced existing but believed to have come into bein g after what the poets’ term as chaos and earth (Plato 57). Referencing from Plato’s definition of love, I think love in terms of genealogy is the oldest god meaning that it is virtually eternal and there has never been a time when it was not there. Since love is a god and ancient, he offers the greatest goods such as gentle relationship full of great love with neither shame nor pride. Love is the origin or source of greatest gifts that has its stand in the heart of all humankind considered noble and within every generous act. Plato’s description of love as source shows that love is a motivational power that generates need to establish a relationship and maintain it for as long as possible. In this case, the value of the greatest gifts of love does not necessarily mean satisfaction of erotic needs (Plato 19). It also values virtue development and distinguished character within both parties. Some of the gifts that come along with love include justice within towns , good guidance in life, bravery in war as well as getting rid of fear and shame. Love fills people with might that enables them to overcome danger and deepens their courage to an extent of losing their lives in place of their loved ones. Love is a motivation for noble and high actions and benefits the lives on men effectively as it gives the greatest gifts (Plato 23). Regarding this definition of love, I think love is kind and caring as it gives people motivation and courage to face any kind of challenge or risk including death. I also presuppose that love creates emotions that make people develop feelings towards others and in the process begin trying winning the subjects love, establish a relationship that the lover maintains for good. Further, Plato portrays definition of love with unmitigated praise saying that love is neither noble nor ignoble. In this definition, there are two types of love, which are Common Aphrodite and Heavenly Aphrodite (Plato 35). In this arena, love is neutral, but what determine its position are its actions and sentiments. If sentiments and actions of love depict negativity, it means that love is ignoble and shameful in this scenario. If love’s actions as well as sentiments come out as a product of nobility and goodwill then love in this particular scenario is noble and honorable. According to Plato, love that a vulgar feels is ignoble and produces ignoble sentiments. He classifies this kind of love in the class of

As a Head Nurse Essay Example for Free

As a Head Nurse Essay We all must experience have responsibilities beyond our expectation and limitation as we can improve ourselves every now and then. Responsibilities are just within our shoulders as we go on with our lives we add more on to it due to the things we learn and experience and simply being a student nurse responsibility is already on our shoulders as we gained knowledge in every step of the way. As a student nurse, knowledge is easy to get as we experience, learn, read and study. But every knowledge comes with great responsibility, which is to help and share it to others who are innocent about specifically toward to their health. Experiencing being a student head nurse is good as it adds my capabilities to manage my time, and my staff nurses. I have been a leader for some time now but I need more experience to be better than before. I am not at my best now as leader as I haven’t yet experienced every problem and responsibilities but I want to get better than I am now. Being a leader is hard because responsibilities weighs more than you expect, for your time, group and for yourself. But as I experience it once, twice or more to it, it is very helpful due to that I improve from before. Finding myself being a student head nurse is part of being a student but when I experience it was a little hard because I have difficulty at first in coping because it is my first time to lead a group in ER but I can manage. I was a little bit of loss for a minute on how to manage my time but I made a time table on the different things I have to manage from the start towards the end likely checking the works of my group mates and reminding them of the different responsibilities they have to prioritize first on the certain time. I was at ease because I felt blessed that my group mates work with less supervision and questions as the before group mates I have had. Some take initiatives for the different assigned work for our report. They manage to finish it on time and we communicate well. They also show respect with it comes to work as they call me â€Å"ma’am†, which I am not used to, during our shift of duty. I also was glad that I experience new and improved group mates. The things that I experienced as a leader was uncountable and unforgettable, due that I experienced new in every leadership that I account for. Responsibilities are just at our forefront and the moment we move forward it comes our way so we must be ready, so every experience that we take, took it as learning and a good endeavor to become a good leader not for other people but also for yourself.

Energy and Power Essay -- Natural Resources

Energy and Power Although I am surrounded by energy and power, I never really knew just how much they mean to the world. However, after learning about the fundamentals of energy, I have a much deeper understanding of their magnitude. In this paper, I will reflect back on what I have learned about energy, and how it has affected me personally. For instance, I know now that the power I am using to sit here and type is roughly equivalent to the power used by an incandescent light bulb, but that is only the beginning. Energy is all around us, but to create power, we need to harness it. I never thought about the fact that everything on earth has some type of energy, and until this course I never even knew the six different types. Now, I can make the connection between two types of energy, and know that fire requires a transition between chemical and thermal energy. Now I am able to understand that even natural processes, like photosynthesis, require multiple types of energy, and it has allowed me to think about energy on a much higher level than I used to. For instance, the fact that I know the First Law of Thermodynamics and would be able to hold an intelligent conversation about the subject has given me the type of confidence a Harvard graduate acquires upon being handed their diploma. Now, beginning to learn about coal has awakened a new curiosity in me, as this source of energy is a large part of my family’s history. I am amazed by the things I have learned so f...

The Eyes of the Dragon Essay

The novel's title, The Eyes of the Dragon, holds great significance to the book. In the novel, King Roland, ruler of the city Delay, kills a dragon and promptly mounts It head on his bed room wall. King Reload's son, Thomas, discovers he can spy on his father using the dead dragon's eyes. By entering a secret room, next to King Reload's chambers, Thomas can look through two peep holes which align with the eyes of the dragon. Thomas has never received his father's attention. He is always overshadowed by his brother Peter.When Thomas discovers he can spend time with and watch his father, albeit without his father's knowing, Thomas Is greatly Intrigued. The title, The Eyes of the Dragon, is a symbol of how far Thomas Is willing to go to have any connection with his father. He is willing to spy and spend all his night in isolation Just to watch his father. The title and symbol also helps the reader understand how Thomas is damaged when he later sees his father murdered. 2. The Eyes of th e Dragon is one of the few fantasy novels written by Stephen King. The novel revolves around fantasy elements such as kings, wizards, and dragons.The novel also has a family genre as many of the conflicts revolve around disputes between sibling, Thomas and Peter. 3. The novel, The Eyes of the Dragon, is written in objective 3rd person. Stephen King is omniscient throughout the novel. He is able to tell the feelings of multiple characters throughout different chapters. In the novel, Stephen King consistently breaks away from the story, to provide his opinion on recent events in the story. When Thomas was first introduced to the story, Stephen King explained his unbiased reasoning on why readers may thing Thomas Is a villain, anti hero, or cacti. . The story takes place In the Kingdom of Delaine, a fictional kingdom, which resembles medieval folklore. Delaine is actually part of a much larger universe, In- Worlds, which contains many other of Stephen King's novels. The kingdom of Dela ine is similar to 15 century Europe. Due to this setting, the story lacks advanced technology that could have helped solve many problems. Peter, accused of killing his father, was sentenced to life Imprisonment based on 3 non eye-witness testimonies. Using modern day technology, the people of Delaine could have easily seen Peter was Innocent.Since Delaine Is a medieval realm, the town people are all caste inside of a feudal system. This affects the people's manner of living and shows how the common folk struggle in social hierarchy (farmers vs†¦ Noblemen). Throughout the story, the farmers are forced to put up with higher and higher taxes given by the noblemen. Due to Detail's fantasy setting, the kingdom has a rich history of dragons, wizards, wars, etc. Characters often reference these events later on. The setting Is extremely similar to medieval England.Characters have a scalar dialect and tend to use Old English words: such as, ‘twats' and its'. However, the dialect i s spells certain differently. Is are consistently replaced with yes. For example, wife' and Me'. Overall, the setting creates quite a calm atmosphere. The city of Delaine is functioning normally in the beginning. Townsfolk consistently state the city is too calm and problems are bound to come. After King Reload's murder, the atmosphere becomes dreary and bleak as the townspeople are under consistent oppression by the new king poisons King Roland and frames Peter the murder.This act put Peter in prison for life. This begins Pewter's struggle of escaping prison, proving his innocence, and lamming his kingship. This also begins Flags opposing quest to bring chaos and destruction to the peaceful Delaine. These characters consistently clash throughout the story creating the main, person vs†¦ Person, conflict. 6. There are many conflicts throughout the story. Unknown to Flag, when the wizards poisons the king, Thomas witnesses the event and later learns Peter, his older brother, is i nnocent. After Peter is Jailed, Thomas becomes King of Delaine.Thomas is faced with the internal conflict of testifying Peters innocence and freeing him or keeping the throne, his one rise to name. This person vs.. Self-conflict causes Thomas much anxiety throughout the story. Peter also have a person vs.. World conflict after he is Jailed. The entire town now thinks he is a murderer. He is forced to free himself from the prison by himself and then prove his innocence to the towns people. There is a separate plot in the story of Ben Stead's quest to free Peter. Ben Stead, Pewter's sole remaining friend, goes to great lengths to help free Peter.He must do so without the townspeople or noblemen finding out as they all believe Peter is murderer. Ben Stead also has a person vs†¦ Ate conflict as his family has a curse of bad luck and ‘unfortunate stars'. Ben must try to break his family's history and live a happy life. There is also a person vs†¦ Person conflict in the so cial hierarchy. The townsfolk are consistently arguing with the noblemen over issues like taxes. This escalates to the formation of a rebel army that intends to take over Delaine. 7. After a climactic battle between Flag, the evil wizard, and Peter, Flag is shot with an arrow in his eye.Mortally wounded, the wizard magically disappears before he can be apprehended. Since Flag is the source of has in Delaine, his disappearance leads to the removal of chaos. Without Flags interference, Peter is able to claim the kingdom of Delaine. He proceeds to lower taxes and solve disputes between the farmers and noblemen. Since Peter is now king, Ben breaks his family's history of bad luck. He is now the closest person the most powerful person in the kingdom. Since Peter is now free Thomas is relieved of the guilt of knowing Pewter's innocence. Part B 8.

College Stress Essay

Recently, many first-year college students face to stress. Stress is come from different ways. From The Associated Press and MTV conducted a survey of college students , 74% of students feel stress about grades,67% of students feel stress about financial worries, 54% of students feel stress about their families and 53% of students feel stress about relationships(The Associated Press and MTV,2009). In the following, I would like to discuss what cause, effect and prevention of college stress. The cause of stress is divided to three parts. They are academic performance pressure, financial problem and family. The most important cause is academic performance pressure. In your college life, you have many works, such as attending classes, completing the readings, writing papers, managing projects and preparing for exam. For freshman, it may constitute stress. In addition, some freshman don’t know what happen when starting college, some students don’t know how to distribute their time to finish their project or assignment. Moreover, so many test and exam need to do revision, students who study all through the night because they worry they can’t get a content marks. Also, students who want get higher score and GPA to get scholarship, so the competition for earning top marks can be very fierce (White, 2010). â€Å"College life has become a lot more competitive, it’s much harder to get into schools, it is gotten a lot more expensive. † Say Elizabeth Scott, stress management expert. If you are college graduated, you can find a great job easily that you can have a good future. Owing to society is overvalue to college graduate, because it can prove your educational background to show your boss you can handle this job. Base on upward academic performance reason, it may bring out stress. Secondly, financial problem may comprise stress too. Because you need to pay fee about your room and board also your tuition. The high cost of tuition also adds extra stress to student’s live. Some students cannot pay fully tuition, so they choose borrow student loans. But students loans will make tuition cost be higher, because students need to pay interest, so some students worry that they cannot pay off the tuition after they graduated. Thirdly, family will bring stress to college students. Because many students feel obligate to please their parents, they study the subject maybe is not they feel interest, just satisfied their family. If they fail the subject or not get higher marks, their parents will be disappointed. Also, parents maybe a bit over protect and care student because this is student first time leave home for a long time to study, they live in college dorm. All of this added pressure can put a great weight on the student’s shoulders (Rodriguez, 2008). If you are the first person from your family to attend college, the stress is even greater (Hansen, 2009). Next, I will discuss the prevention of college stress. In fact, we can prevent this stress. First, you must have a good time management, for example create a schedule, be sure you allow yourself the time you need to study and get work done. Also, you may stay connect to home, because being away from home can be difficult at times, so if you feel unhappy or difficulties, you can use phone or email to chat with your family or best friend. Then, do more exercise when your free is one of the reduce college stress’s method, you can try yoga it providing excellent relaxation and total health benefits (Scott, 2009). Also, you can do exercise with your friends, it can keep your relationship and reduce your stress, it is one of social activity. â€Å"The effects of socializing and exercise may be important† says to Alexander S. Strauss, MD, a spokesperson for the American Psychiatric Association and a psychiatrist in private practice in Marlton, NJ. (Strauss, 2013) . Finally, get enough sleep also can reduce stress too, because sleep can replenish your energy to study and keep your mind clearly. Gave enough time to your brain get rest it can reduce stress. Furthermore, it can keep your health. Because insufficient sleep can put you at risk for serious illnesses, such as diabetes, obesity and depression (Forbes, 2010). About finance stress, you must stay away from credit cards, because there are always situations when they will get carried away and they will feel the necessity to pay for the dinner, new clothes or some other non-emergency purchase which will be paid from nowhere else than our credit card limit (Malgi,2009). Also, design a budget plan and hold on to it, don’t buy luxury product. In addition, start thinking and spending rationally, you can use all the discounts available, start buying more carefully and compare the prices, because it can reduce your budget, can save more money. In conclusion, college stress is come from academic performance pressure, financial problem and family. So students should learn how to reduce stress. Too much stress is affect students health. Therefore students can create a schedule to handle your study and rest time. Also, do more exercise will friends is a reduce pressure method. But student get enough sleep also important, because sleep can reduce stress and keep your health. In addition, keep contact to home if you meet difficulty because your family will listen to you. Furthermore, design a budget plan allot to your money and stay away from credit cards to prevent college stress and enjoy college life. Reference Alexander S. Strauss, MD, (September 4, 2013). Exercising with others helps students. Retrieved December 12, 2013 fromhttp://medicalxpress. com/news/2013-09-college-students-stress. html Elizabeth Scott, M. S. (April 20, 2009). College Life – How to reduce stress in college life. Retrieved December 10, 2013 fromhttp://stress. about. com/od/studentstress/ss/college_stress_2. htm J. David Forbes, MD, (March17, 2010) College life: 10 ways to reduce stress Retrieved December 10, 2013 fromhttp://www. everydayhealth. com/college-health/college-life-10-ways-to-reduce-stress. aspx Mary Gormandy White. (2010). Stress causes of college students Retrieved December 11, 2013 fromhttp://stress. lovetoknow. com/Stress_Causes_of_College_Students Misty Rodriguez. (2008). What are the causes of college stress? Retrieved December 12, 2013 fromhttp://www. ehow. com/about_5385329_causes-college-stress. html#ixzz2nHQZDvNR Randall S. Hansen,Ph. D. , (2009). Top college stressors that affect academic performance Retrieved December 12, 2013 fromhttp://www. mycollegesuccessstory. com/academic-success-tools/top-college-s.

Surely You Are Joking Mr. Feynman

Surely You Are Joking Mr. Feynman Question 1 Richard Feynman was a well renowned physician in his era and was known for his works relating to those of Albert Einstein. Richard could have accomplished more had he been more serious. One example is where it is stated that he dwelt more on the past rather than on more innovative ideas. Another one is by the fact that he wasted a lot of time concentrating on family issues. The last one is by knowing that he used very little time in the laboratory. Question 2 Feynman was more relaxed than it was expected of a scientist. For a scientist like him, I expected him to be more articulate in his study of science. Once again this is proved by the minimal hours spent in the lab, the little respect that he gave to the future but rather was content with what was available. Another example is by concentrating more on personal issues rather than scientific ones. Question 3 Feynman’s success in the field of science was attributed to his increased focus towards the climax of his career. This is stated in the book that he increased his focus in due time. There was also the influence of fellow scientists and finally the family members. Question 4 Feynman did not do science as per my expectation. In the book it is stated that he spent very little time researching. We are also told that he focused more on the past rather than on the future. Moreover, his work was expected to yield more as he worked with the concepts of Einstein. Question 5 Feynman was not the way that I expect scientists to be. He was not diligent enough to carry out work alone. Moreover, he could not work without the required push from his peers. Another example that proves this is that he could not work without the role modeling of Einstein. Question 6 Feynman could have succeeded in a non scientific field. This was due to the fact that he spent very little time in the laboratory and enjoyed outdoor activities. Other fields do not require much concentration and Feynman did not offer it hence could have succeeded outside there. Question 7 Feynman could not have been as happy as he was in the non scientific field as he was in the scientific. This was because he did not have role models outside the field of science. He could not have enjoyed as he was just lazy but loved the science environment. Question 8 Feynman did not find science coming easily for him. This can be cited from the fact that he always waited for ideas from the many books that he read about Einstein. It also did not come easy for him as all he did science for was due to the small amount of insight that he had. This was also detrimental in that his ability to think independently was curtailed. Question 9 Science was work of play for Feynman in the prior years to his serious work. This can be cited from the fact that he spent a very small amount of time in the laboratory. Another example is the amount of money that he dedicated in purchasing science material. Also he did not observe all the rules of a scientist such as the procedures of carrying out experiments. Question 10 If I had the ability I could not like a life like that of Feynman. This was due to the fact that he was not serious in his work. He wasted a lot of time that could have been used doing important research for the field of science. If I had the ability I could utilize my intellectual ability more than he did. Question 11 Feynman did science just to earn a living. This can be found in the fact that he spent more time with his family. Also a point in the book states that his family started to face problems as he became lazier and thus he worked harder to maintain it. Another example is where there is little amount of attention that he used to offer to science as compared to other scientists. Question 12 What I found most surprising in his learning of science was his unwillingness to use his talent. This is as it is stated that he had the ability to carry out tests that very few in his era could. His laziness is found where he did not pay a lot of attention to new ways of science. Question 13 Feynman could have definitely achieved an increase in happiness if he had majored in sociology. This is due to the fact that he was a very social person and liked interacting with people. Also an example in the book is due to the fact that he held his family with utmost importance. Question 14 Feynman did not interact well with other scientists and mathematicians in terms of their common field of interest. Rather than this, he interacted with them in the basis of pure friendship. Another example is where it is stated that he spent very little time working with scientists of his era but rather sourced his information from previous scientists. Question 15 Feynman could not have become a good science teacher. This can be attributed to the fact that he did not like socializing with people on the basis of his career. Also, he did not have a full passion for the subject hence could not have offered good coaching. Another example is due to the fact that he was lazy and could have missed many lessons. Question 16 Feynman could have succeeded in Counseling. This was due to the amount of concern that had for the people around him. Moreover, he had very good socializing abilities hence could have succeeded. Another example was from the amount of time that he spent with his family offering them life advice. Question 17 I could not have selected Feynman to help build the atomic bomb. This was due to the fact that he was lazy and hence could have slowed down the process. Moreover, he was negligent and could have ignored some key aspects that could have been dangerous if left. Moreover, he was poor at working with other scientists hence could not have worked well. Question 18 Feynman resembled a normal scientist in that he had a laboratory just like any other scientist. He had the proper attire for science and laboratory as any other physician. Moreover, he had the necessary access to books and material of science. Question 19 I would not have liked Feynman as my teacher. This was due to his laziness hence poor teaching. Also, he did not have a full passion for the subject hence could not have offered good coaching. He was also not very fluent with students. Question 20 I was not surprised at the results of his experiment. The results were poor at first and this was due to his accumulated laziness and negligence. Moreover he did not pay a lot of respect to the lab procedures. For the ones that succeeded. Praise can be offered to his last minute few changes in behavior. Question 21 Feynman was not always as successful as I expected. This was due to the fact that he had various aspects such as laziness pulling him down. The fact that he paid more attention to his family also reduced his working ability. Also, the fact that he did not like the laboratory environment brought him down.

Why Lanthanides and Actinides Are Separate on the Periodic Table

Why Lanthanides and Actinides Are Separate on the Periodic Table The lanthanides and actinides are separated from the rest of the periodic table, usually appearing as separate rows at the bottom. The reason for this placement has to do with the electron configurations of these elements. 3B Group of Elements When you look at the periodic table, you will see strange entries in the 3B group of elements. The 3B group marks the beginning of the transition metal elements. The third row of the 3B group contains all of ​the elements between element 57 (lanthanum) and element 71 (lutetium). These elements are grouped together and called the lanthanides. Similarly, the fourth row of group 3B contains the elements between elements 89 (actinium) and element 103 (lawrencium). These elements are known as actinides. The Difference Between Group  3B and 4B Why do all the lanthanides and actinides belong in Group 3B? To answer this, look at the difference between group 3B and 4B. The 3B elements are the first elements to begin filling the d shell electrons in their electron configuration. The 4B group is the second, where the next electron is placed in the d2 shell. For example, scandium is the first 3B element with an electron configuration of [Ar]3d14s2. The next element is titanium in group 4B with electron configuration [Ar]3d24s2. The same is true between yttrium with electron configuration [Kr]4d15s2 and zirconium with electron configuration [Kr]4d25s2. The difference between group 3B and 4B is the addition of an electron to the d shell. Lanthanum has the d1 electron like the other 3B elements, but the d2 electron does not appear until element 72 (hafnium). Based on behavior in previous rows, element 58 should fill the d2 electron, but instead, the electron fills the first f shell electron. All the lanthanide elements fill the 4f electron shell before the second 5d electron gets filled. Since all the lanthanides contain a 5d1 electron, they belong in the 3B group. Similarly, the actinides contain a 6d1 electron and fill the 5f shell before filling the 6d2 electron. All actinides belong in the 3B group. The lanthanides and actinides are arranged below with a notation in the main body cell rather than making room for all these elements in the 3B group in the main body of the periodic table.Because of the f shell electrons, these two element groups are also known as the f-block elements.

Assignment 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment 7 - Essay Example f psychotic disorders characterized by effective distortions of reality; emotional and mental disorganization, as well as the withdrawal of individuals from social interaction. Some theories while trying to explain schizophrenia, give primacy to biologically related factors like biomechanical imbalance. Other theories tend to emphasize on the dynamism of the family, for example, the way one expresses hostility to the ill individual. Depressive disorder entails signs of â€Å"intense sadness, feelings of futility and worthlessness, and withdrawal from others† (Sue, Sue, and Sue, 1990, p. 325). Characteristics of depression are often physically manifested in change in appetite, sleep, and motivations like boredom and apathy. Cross-cultural studies reveal that there are variations in the way cultures define and communicate symptomatology of depression. Some cultures use fewer words in conveying emotions like anger and sadness. Somatization entails the use of bodily complaints as a means of expressing psychological distress. Certain studies have proposed that certain groups, like Hispanics and Japanese somaticize comparatively more than Americans and Europeans. Some of the complaints include intestinal problems and low back pain. Therefore, the carried out research suggests that, even if previously regarded a phenomenon of culture-specific could be universal embedding meanings of culture-specific as well as expression modes. Culture-bound syndromes present the strongest relevance regarding cultural relativism in comprehending and addressing abnormality. Historically, the literature can be put into view points, with the first view proposes that psychopathology and culture are intertwined, and that one has to constrain him/herself within a given framework of culture. This approach is referred to as cultural relativism. The other view, which contrasts the first one hold proposes that even if culture plays a responsibility while determining the actual behavior, the